Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)

Arab League initiative I	2011
Arab League initiative II	2011-12
Churkin peace plan	2012
Kofi Annan peace plan (Geneva I)	2012
Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan	2012
U.S.–Russia peace proposal (2013)	2013
Geneva II Mideast peace conference	2014
Staffan de Mistura peace plan	2015
Zabadani agreement	2015
Vienna talks	2015
Geneva III	2016
US-Russia ceasefire proposal (2016)	2016
Geneva IV	2017
Idlib demilitarization	2018
Northern Syria Buffer Zone	2019
Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone	2019
Syrian Constitutional Committee	2019

Idlib demilitarization; (2018–2019)
	Part of the Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate and the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
	; The situation in the province of Idlib as of 17 September 2018. Locations of Turkish outposts are pictured. Syrian Army control Tahrir al-Sham and allies control National Front for Liberation and allies control Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army control
Date	17 September 2018 – 30 April 2019; (7 months, 1 week and 6 days); 31 August – 19 December 2019; (3 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location	Northwestern Syria Northeastern Latakia Governorate; Northwestern Hama Governorate; Southern Idlib Governorate; Western Aleppo Governorate;
Result	Failed
Belligerents
Syria Syrian Armed Forces; Russia; Iran; Liwa al-Quds; Hezbollah; Arab Nationalist Guard; SSNP; Ba'ath Brigades	National Front for Liberation; Turkey; Syrian National Army Jaysh al-Izza; Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS); Turkistan Islamic Party; Ajnad al-Kavkaz; Rouse the Believers Operations Room; Abu Amara Special Task Company; Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan; Junud al-Sham; Katiba Abd ar-Rahman; Caucasus Emirate; Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham; Malhama Tactical; Katibat Jabal al-Islam;
Commanders and leaders
Vladimir Putin (President of Russia); Gen. Mohammad Khaddour; Maj. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan	Recep Erdogan (President of Turkey); Mohammad Safwan al Saleh † Col. Mustafa Bakr; Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Emir of Tahrir al-Sham); Abu Maria al-Qahtani; Abu al-Fath al-Ferghali; Abu Yaqdhan al-Masri; Zaid al-Attar
Units involved
Syrian Army 3rd Armoured Division Qalamoun Shield Forces; ; Republican Guard 124th Brigade; ; 4th Armoured Division; 18th Armoured Division 131st Armored Brigade; ; Tiger Forces; Air Force Intelligence Directorate; National Defence Forces; Syrian Arab Air Force; SSNP Eagles of the Whirlwind; Russian Armed Forces and affiliated paramilitaries Aerospace Forces; Wagner Group; IRGC Quds Force;	National Front for Liberation Syrian Liberation Front Ahrar al-Sham; Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement; Sheikh Fadel al-Akel; Katibat al-Bayia Lillah; Katibat Usud al-Tawheed; Liwa al-Adiyat; Martyr Abu Omar Battalion; ; Jaysh al-Ahrar; Suqour al-Sham Brigades; Sham Legion; Free Idlib Army; Army of Victory; Elite Army; 1st Coastal Division; 23rd Division; Islamic Freedom Brigade; 2nd Coastal Division; 1st Infantry Division; Tahrir al-Sham Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar; Imam Bukhari Jamaat; Jaysh al-Usra; Movement of Mujahideen of the Sunnis of Iran; Army of Umar Ibn Khattab; Army of Abu Bakr as-Sadiq; Army of Uthman ibn Affan; Rouse the Believers Operations Room Alliance to Support Islam Guardians of Religion Organization; Ansar al-Tawhid; ; Ansar al-Din Front - Harakat Fajr ash-Sham al-Islamiya; Ansar al-Islam;
Casualties and losses
238 killed (as of 29 April 2019); 2 killed	155 rebels killed (gov.-rebel conflict; as of 29 April 2019); 130 rebels killed (HTS-NLF conflict); 1 killed
	372 civilians killed (as of 29 April 2019); 80,000 people displaced
	a Buffer zone never fully implemented, interrupted by intermittent shelling and ground offensives. Zone considered to be inactive by Turkey, which Russia says did not abide by the agreement, while Russia considers Turkey to have failed to separate moderate rebels from hardline jihadists.

The Idlib demilitarization was an agreement between Turkey and Russia to create a demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Syria's rebel-held Idlib Governorate, to be patrolled by military forces from Russia and Turkey. On 17 September 2018, the Russian president Vladimir Putin and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, reached an agreement to create a buffer zone in Idlib.

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