Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)

Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)
	Part of the Battle of Aleppo (Syrian Civil War) and the Russian military intervention in Syria
Date	15 November – 22 December 2016; (1 month and 1 week)
Location	Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Result	Decisive Syrian government and allied victory Syrian Army and its allies regain control of all eastern and southern districts of Aleppo.; 130,000 civilians flee east Aleppo.; End of the Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016).;
Belligerents
Syrian Arab Republic; Russia; Iran Allied militias:; Liwa al-Quds; Popular Mobilization Forces; Liwa Fatemiyoun; Liwa Zainebiyoun; Hezbollah; Ba'ath Brigades; SSNP; Syrian Democratic Forces (from 27–28 November)	Fatah Halab (until 1 December); Jaysh Halab (since 1 December); Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (formerly Al-Nusra Front)
Commanders and leaders
Maj. Gen. Zaid Saleh; (Head of Aleppo security committee); Maj. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan; (Tiger Forces chief commander); Alexander Zhuravlyov; Mohammad al-Saeed; (Liwa Al-Quds chief commander); Col. Mohammad Rafi †; (Liwa Al-Quds operations commander); Samer Rafi; (Liwa Al-Quds field commander)	Abu Abdul Rahman Noor (WIA); (official leader of Jaysh Halab); Abu Bashir; (Jaysh Halab commander); 'Umar Al-Hajj †; (Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki top commander); Abu al-Hareth al-Halabi †; (Ahrar al-Sham top commander); Farouq Abu Bakr; (Ahrar al-Sham commander); Abu Abed ("Tough Battalion" commander); Suhaib; (Jaysh al-Islam commander, deserted); 'Aziz Khantoumani †; (Karm Al-Jabal Martyrs Battalion commander); Ahmad Bisan †; (Karm Al-Jabal Martyrs Battalion commander); Abu Abdo Sheikh (POW); (Sham Legion commander)
Units involved
Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Army 4th Mechanized Division; Republican Guard 102nd Brigade; 800th Regiment; Syrian Marines; ; Special Forces; Tiger Forces; Desert Hawks Brigade; 629th Battalion; ; National Defence Forces; Local Defence Forces Baqir Brigade; ; Military Intelligence Directorate Military Security Shield Forces; Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes; ; Syrian Air Force; Syrian Ministry of Interior Syrian Special Mission Forces; Russian Armed Forces Russian Air Force; Russian Navy; Russian Ground Forces; Special operations forces advisors; Popular Mobilization Forces Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba Ammar Yasser Brigade; ; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Kata'ib al-Imam Ali; Harakat al-Abdal; Kata'ib Dir' al-Wilaya; Iranian Armed Forces IRGC; Hezbollah Syrian Hezbollah units Junud al-Mahdi; Imam al Hujja Regiment; ; Syrian Democratic Forces YPG; YPJ; Army of Revolutionaries Jabhat al-Akrad; ; Northern Democratic Brigade;	Jaysh Halab Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki; Sham Legion; Levant Front; Army of Mujahideen; Ahrar ash-Sham; Abu Amara Battalions; Ashida'a Mujahideen Brigade; Jaysh al-Islam; Sultan Murad Division Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror Brigade; ; 1st Regiment; Al-Safwa Islamic Battalions; Karm al-Jabal Martyrs Battalion; Muntasir Billah Brigade; Jabhat Fatah al-Sham "Tough Battalion"; Jabhat Ansar al-Din
Strength
6,000–25,000+ soldiers 3,000 al-Nujaba fighters;	8,000 fighters (before the offensive) Fastaqim Kama Umirt: 3,000 fighters; 900 fighters; 3,400–5,000 fighters (near the end of the offensive) 500 fighters;
Casualties and losses
Syrian Army and allies:; 153 killed ( 31, 10, 8, 5), 200+ wounded; Russian military:; 3 killed 2 killed	400–450 killed,; 340+ wounded,; 2,200+ captured (per Russia)
	614–990+ civilians killed; (465 by government shelling and air-strikes, 149 by rebel shelling; per SOHR)

The Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016), code named Operation Dawn of Victory by government forces, was a successful military offensive launched by the Syrian Armed Forces and allied groups against rebel-held districts in Aleppo. The offensive came after the end of the moratorium on air strikes by Russia, and the Russian Armed Forces again conducted heavy air and cruise missile strikes against rebel positions throughout northwestern Syria. The offensive resulted in government forces taking control of all rebel-controlled parts of eastern and southern Aleppo, and the evacuation of the remaining rebel forces.

The offensive was described as a potential turning point in the Syrian Civil War.

Almost 1,200 people were killed during the operation, including more than 600 civilians, most of whom died in the rebel-held part of the city where the offensive took place, but at least 149 were also killed by rebel shelling of government-held parts of Aleppo and some died in rebel strikes on the enclave held by the Syrian Democratic Forces.

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