Majapahit
Majapahit (Javanese: ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; Javanese pronunciation: [madʒapaɪt]), also known as Wilwatikta (Javanese: ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; Javanese pronunciation: [wɪlwatɪkta]), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia). It existed from 1293 to circa 1527 and reached its peak of glory during the era of Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 was marked by conquests that extended throughout Southeast Asia. His achievement is also credited to his prime minister, Gajah Mada. According to the Nagarakretagama (Desawarñana) written in 1365, Majapahit was an empire of 98 tributaries, stretching from Sumatra to New Guinea;: 87 consisting of present-day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand, Timor Leste, southwestern Philippines (in particular the Sulu Archipelago) although the scope of Majapahit sphere of influence is still the subject of debate among historians. The nature of Majapahit's relations and influence upon its overseas vassals and also its status as an empire still provokes discussion.
Majapahit Empire | |||||||||
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| 1293–1527 | |||||||||
The greatest extent of Majapahit influence based on the Nagarakretagama in 1365 | |||||||||
| Capital | Trowulan, now Mojokerto | ||||||||
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| Religion | |||||||||
| Government | Mandala state ruled by a Maharaja | ||||||||
| Maharaja | |||||||||
• 1293–1309 | Raden Wijaya | ||||||||
• 1309–1328 | Jayanegara | ||||||||
• 1328–1350 | Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi | ||||||||
• 1350–1389 | Hayam Wuruk | ||||||||
• 1389–1429 | Wikramawardhana | ||||||||
• 1429–1447 | Suhita | ||||||||
• 1447–1451 | Kertawijaya | ||||||||
• 1451–1453 | Rajasawardhana | ||||||||
• 1456–1466 | Girishawardhana | ||||||||
• 1466–1474 | Suraprabhawa | ||||||||
• 1474–1527 | Girindrawardhana | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Coronation | 10 November 1293 | ||||||||
• Demak takeover | 1527 | ||||||||
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| History of Indonesia |
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| Timeline |
| Indonesia portal |
Majapahit was one of the last major Hindu-Buddhist empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries.: 19 Its influence extended beyond the modern territory of Indonesia and has been the subject of many studies.