Mongol conquest of China
The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205-1279). It spanned seven decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Liao, Western Xia, Tibet, the Dali Kingdom, the Southern Song, and the Eastern Xia. The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small-scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207.
| Mongol conquest of China | |||||||||
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| Part of the Mongol invasions and conquests | |||||||||
Mongol conquest of regimes located in modern-day China. | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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Mongol Empire (1205–1271)/Yuan dynasty (1271–1279)
Southern Song dynasty (1211–1234) |
Western Xia (1205–1210, 1225–1227) | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Genghis Khan (DOW) Jebe Muqali Boal (Bor) Doqolqu Tolui Ögedei Subutai Qarachar Chagaan Kublai Khan Khochu Töregene Güyük Khan Möngke Khan (possibly †) Bayan Aju Arikhgiya General Shi Tianze General Zhang Hongfan General Zhang Rou General Yan Shi General Liu Heima (Liu Ni) General Xiao Zhala General Uryankhadai General Guo Kan King Duan Xingzhi of Dali |
Emperor Huanzong Emperor Li Anquan Kao Liang-Hui Wei-ming Ling-kung Wanyan Yongji † Emperor Xuanzong of Jin † Li Ying Moran Jinzhong Emperor Aizong of Jin † Wanyan Heda Puxian Wannu Pucha Guannu Ma Yong Emperor Mo of Jin † Emperor Xianzong Emperor Mozhu (1226–1227) Asha King Duan Xingzhi of Dali (defected to Mongols) Emperor Lizong Emperor Duzong Emperor Gong of Song Emperor Duanzong Emperor Bing of Song † Jia Sidao Lü Wenhuan Li Tingzhi Zhang Shijie Wen Tianxiang | ||||||||
By 1279, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan had established the Yuan dynasty in China and crushed the last Song resistance, which marked the onset of all of China under Yuan rule. This was the first time in history that the whole of China was unified by non-Han people, and it marked the first time in history when Tibet was unified with the rest of China.