Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang (/ˌheɪlɒŋˈdʒæŋ/; formerly romanized as Heilungkiang) is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the junction of the Amur and Ussuri rivers).
Heilongjiang
黑龙江 | |
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| Province of Heilongjiang | |
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| • Simplified Chinese | 黑龙江省 |
| • Hanyu pinyin | Hēilóngjiāng Shěng |
| • Abbreviation | HL / 黑 (Hēi) |
Hailin in the winter time | |
Map showing the location of Heilongjiang Province | |
| Coordinates: 48°N 129°E | |
| Country | China |
| Named for | 黑 hēi—black 龙 lóng—dragon 江 jiāng—river Amur River |
| Capital (and largest city) | Harbin |
| Divisions | 13 prefectures, 130 counties, 1274 townships |
| Government | |
| • Type | Province |
| • Body | Heilongjiang Provincial People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Xu Qin |
| • Congress chairman | Xu Qin |
| • Governor | Liang Huiling |
| • CPPCC chairman | Lan Shaomin |
| • National People's Congress Representation | 84 deputies |
| Area | |
| • Total | 454,800 km2 (175,600 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 6th |
| Highest elevation | 1,690 m (5,540 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 31,850,088 |
| • Rank | 20th |
| • Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 28th |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic composition | Han: 95% Manchu: 3% Korean: 1% Mongol: 0.4% Hui: 0.3% |
| • Languages and dialects | Northeastern Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Mongolian, Manchu, Russian |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HL |
| GDP | 2022 |
| – Total | ¥1.59 trillion (25th) $236 billion (nominal) |
| – Per capita | ¥51,906 (30th) $7,717 (nominal) |
| – Growth | 2.7% |
| HDI (2021) | 0.743 (22nd) – high |
| Website | www |
| Heilongjiang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Heilongjiang" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 黑龙江 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 黑龍江 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Heilungkiang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Black Dragon River" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦ᠌ᠷᠡᠨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᠯᠠ ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Romanization | Sahaliyan'ula golo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History of the Priamurye region |
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| also including Heilongjiang, Amur Oblast and southern part of Khabarovsk Krai |
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The province is bordered by Jilin to the south and Inner Mongolia to the west. It also shares a border with Russia (Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and Zabaykalsky Krai) to the north and east. The capital and the largest city of the province is Harbin. Among Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions, Heilongjiang is the sixth-largest by total area, the 15th-most populous, and the second-poorest by GDP per capita after only Gansu province.
The province takes its name from the Amur River (see the etymology section below for details) which marks the border between the People's Republic of China and Russia.
Heilongjiang has significant agricultural production, and raw materials, such as timber, oil and coal.