Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride crystals in a form of halite

Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium chloride
Other names
  • common salt, regular salt
  • halite, rock salt
  • table salt, sea salt
  • saline
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3534976
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.726
EC Number
  • 231-598-3
13673
KEGG
MeSH Sodium+chloride
RTECS number
  • VZ4725000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Y
    Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
  • InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
    Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
  • [Na+].[Cl-]
Properties
NaCl
Molar mass 58.443 g/mol
Appearance Colorless cubic crystals
Odor Odorless
Density 2.17 g/cm3
Melting point 800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K)
Boiling point 1,465 °C (2,669 °F; 1,738 K)
360 g/L (25°C)
Solubility in ammonia 21.5 g/L
Solubility in methanol 14.9 g/L
−30.2·10−6 cm3/mol
1.5441 (at 589 nm)
Structure
Face-centered cubic
(see text), cF8
Fm3m (No. 225)
a = 564.02 pm
4
octahedral at Na+
octahedral at Cl−
Thermochemistry
50.5 J/(K·mol)
72.10 J/(K·mol)
−411.120 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
0
0
0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3 g/kg (oral, rats)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Sodium fluoride
Sodium bromide
Sodium iodide
Sodium astatide
Other cations
 Lithium chloride
Potassium chloride
Rubidium chloride
Caesium chloride
Francium chloride
Supplementary data page
Sodium chloride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
This article is about the chemical. For its familiar form, common table salt, see Salt. For the medical solutions, see Saline (medicine). For the mineral, see Halite.
"NaCl" redirects here. For other uses, see NaCl (disambiguation).

Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is deicing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

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