Chloride

The term chloride refers either to a chloride ion (Cl−), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). Many inorganic chlorides are salts. Many organic compounds are chlorides. The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.

Not to be confused with chlorine.
For other uses, see Chloride (disambiguation).
Chloride anion
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3587171
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
14910
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 Y
    Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
  • [Cl-]
Properties
Cl−
Molar mass 35.45 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid Hydrogen chloride
Thermochemistry
153.36 J·K−1·mol−1
−167 kJ·mol−1
Related compounds
Other anions
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

The chloride ion is an anion (negatively charged ion) with the charge Cl−. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides are calcium chloride CaCl2 and ammonium chloride NH4Cl.

The chloride is also a neutral chlorine atom covalently bonded by a single bond to the rest of the molecule. For example, methyl chloride CH3Cl is an organic compound with a covalent C−Cl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion. Other examples of covalent chlorides are carbon tetrachloride CCl4, sulfuryl chloride SO2Cl2 and monochloramine NH2Cl.

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