Zhonghua minzu

Zhonghua minzu (Chinese: 中华民族; lit. 'Chinese nation', johng-HWA meen-tsoo) is a political term in modern Chinese nationalism related to the concepts of nation-building, ethnicity, and race in the Chinese nationality. Zhonghua minzu also appears in March of the Volunteers, the official China's national anthem.

This article is about the modern concept of a Chinese nation. For the general concept of peoples relating to China, see Chinese people. For the dominant Chinese ethnic group, see Han Chinese. For a list of ethnicities in modern China, see List of ethnic groups in China. For a list of ethnicities in historical China, see Ethnic groups in Chinese history. For the country of China, see China.
For other uses, see Chinese nationality.

Zhonghua minzu
Traditional Chinese中華民族
Simplified Chinese中华民族
Literal meaningChinese Nation
Expressions of Zhonghua Minzu
Chinese national flag during the early Republican period, with five colors representing the union of five races
A wall painting in Beijing depicting 56 ethnic groups in China
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Names of China

Zhonghua minzu was established during the early Beiyang (1912–1927) and Nationalist (1928–1949) periods to include Han people and four major non-Han ethnic groups: the Man (Manchus), the Meng (Mongols), the Hui (ethnic groups of Islamic faith in Northwest China), and the Zang (Tibetans), under the notion of a republic of five races (Chinese: 五族共和 or Wǔzú gònghé) advocated by Sun Yat-sen and the Chinese Nationalist Party. It is slightly different from the word Hanzu, a word is only used to refer to the Han Chinese.

Zhonghua minzu was initially rejected in the People's Republic of China (PRC) but resurrected after Mao Zedong's death to include the mainstream Han Chinese and 55 other ethnic groups as a huge Chinese family. Since the late 1980s, the most fundamental change of the PRC's nationalities and minorities policies is the renaming from "the Chinese People" (中国人民 or Zhōngguó rénmín) to "the Chinese Nation" (Zhōnghuá mínzú), signalling a shift away from a multi-national communist people's statehood of China to one multi-ethnic Chinese nation state with one single Chinese national identity.

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