Chloroform

Chloroform
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloromethane
Other names
  • Chloroform
  • Chloroformium
  • Freon 20
  • Methane trichloride
  • Methyl trichloride
  • Methenyl trichloride
  • Methenyl chloride
  • Refrigerant-20
  • terchloride/perchloride of formyle (archaic)
  • Trichloretum Formylicum (Latin)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations R-20, TCM
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.603
EC Number
  • 200-663-8
KEGG
RTECS number
  • FS9100000
UNII
UN number 1888
  • InChI=1S/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H Y
    Key: HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
    Key: HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYAG
  • ClC(Cl)Cl
Properties
CHCl3
Molar mass 119.37 g·mol−1
Appearance Highly refractive colorless liquid
Odor Sweet, minty, pleasant
Density 1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C)
1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C)
1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Melting point −63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K)
Boiling point 61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K)
decomposes at 450 °C
10.62 g/L (0 °C)
8.09 g/L (20 °C)
7.32 g/L (60 °C)
Solubility Soluble in benzene
Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2
Solubility in acetone ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C)
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.62 kPa (−40 °C)
7.89 kPa (0 °C)
25.9 kPa (25 °C)
313 kPa (100 °C)
2.26 MPa (200 °C)
3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.7 (20 °C)
UV-vis (λmax) 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm
−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C)
1.4459 (20 °C)
Viscosity 0.563 cP (20 °C)
Structure
Tetrahedral
1.15 D
Thermochemistry
114.25 J/(mol·K)
202.9 J/(mol·K)
−134.3 kJ/mol
−71.1 kJ/mol
473.21 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
N01AB02 (WHO)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Decomposes to extremely toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of light – IARC group 2B – Reproductive toxicity – Specific target organ toxicity (STOT)
GHS labelling:
Danger
H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372
P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
0
1
Flash point Nonflammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)
9,617 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
  • 20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr)
  • 7,056 ppm (cat, 4 hr)
  • 25,000 ppm (human, 5 min)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 50 ppm (240 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 500 ppm
Safety data sheet (SDS)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Supplementary data page
Chloroform (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
For other uses, see Chloroform (disambiguation).

Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organic compound with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. Chloroform is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested. Chloroform was used as an anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).

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