Chloromethane
Chloromethane, also called methyl chloride, Refrigerant-40, R-40 or HCC 40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3Cl. One of the haloalkanes, it is a colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable gas. Methyl chloride is a crucial reagent in industrial chemistry, although it is rarely present in consumer products, and was formerly utilized as a refrigerant. Most chloromethane is biogenic.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Chloromethane | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1696839 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.744 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 24898 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Methyl+Chloride | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1063 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| CH3Cl | |||
| Molar mass | 50.49 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Faint, sweet odor | ||
| Density | 1.003 g/mL (-23.8 °C, liquid) 2.3065 g/L (0 °C, gas) | ||
| Melting point | −97.4 °C (−143.3 °F; 175.8 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −23.8 °C (−10.8 °F; 249.3 K) | ||
| 5.325 g L−1 | |||
| log P | 1.113 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 506.09 kPa (at 20 °C (68 °F)) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
940 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -32.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Structure | |||
| Tetragonal | |||
| Tetrahedron | |||
| 1.9 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
234.36 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−83.68 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−764.5–−763.5 kJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220, H351, H373 | |||
| P210, P281, P410+P403 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K) | ||
| 625 °C (1,157 °F; 898 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 8.1%-17.4% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
150-180 mg/kg (oral, rat) 5.3 mg/L/4 h (inhalation, rat) | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
72,000 ppm (rat, 30 min) 2200 ppm (mouse, 6 hr) 2760 ppm (mammal, 4 hr) 2524 ppm (rat, 4 hr) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr) 14,661 ppm (dog, 6 hr) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 100 ppm C 200 ppm 300 ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 3 hours) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Ca | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
Ca [2000 ppm] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanes |
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Related compounds |
2-Chloroethanol | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Chloromethane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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