Trần dynasty
Great Việt 大越 Đại Việt | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1225–1400 | |||||||||
Map of the Trần dynasty | |||||||||
The territory of Đại Việt in 1306 after the marriage of Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân and Cham king Jaya Simhavarman III. The province of Chau O (Cham: Vuyar) and Chau Ly (Cham: Ulik) was ceded to Đại Việt as dowry. | |||||||||
| Status | Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary (Song 1225–1258) (Yuan 1258–1368) (Ming 1368–1400) | ||||||||
| Capital | Thăng Long (1225–1397) Thanh Hóa (temp) (1397–1400) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Literary Chinese Vietnamese | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism (official), Taoism, Confucianism, Vietnamese folk religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1226–1258 | Trần Thái Tông (first) | ||||||||
• 1258–1278 | Trần Thánh Tông | ||||||||
• 1278–1293 | Trần Nhân Tông | ||||||||
• 1293–1314 | Trần Anh Tông | ||||||||
• 1398–1400 | Trần Thiếu Đế (last) | ||||||||
| Chancellor | |||||||||
• 1225 | Trần Thủ Độ (first) | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Quốc Toản | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Khánh Dư | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Quang Khải | ||||||||
• 1387 | Hồ Quý Ly (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Postclassical Era | ||||||||
• Coronation of Trần Cảnh | January 10 1225 | ||||||||
| 1226 | |||||||||
| 1258, 1285 and 1287–88 | |||||||||
• Coup overthrown of Dương Nhật Lễ | 1370 | ||||||||
| March 23 1400 | |||||||||
| Currency | Copper-alloy cash coins | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Vietnam China Laos | ||||||||
| Trần | |
|---|---|
| Country | Empire of Đại Việt (Vietnam) |
| Founded | 12th century |
| Founder | Trần Nhật Cảnh |
| Final ruler | Trần Quý Khoáng |
| Titles | |
| Estate(s) | Thăng Long and Thiên Trường |
| Deposition | 1400 |
| History of Vietnam |
|---|
| Timeline |
| Vietnam portal |
The Trần dynasty, (Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳), officially Great Việt (Vietnamese: Đại Việt; Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thái Tông ascended to the throne after his uncle Trần Thủ Độ orchestrated the overthrow of the Lý dynasty. The Trần dynasty defeated three Mongol invasions, most notably during the decisive Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 1288. The final emperor of the dynasty was Thiếu Đế, who was forced to abdicate the throne in 1400, at the age of five years old in favor of his maternal grandfather, Hồ Quý Ly.
The Trần improved Chinese gunpowder, enabling them to expand southward to defeat and vassalize the Champa. They also started using paper money for the first time in Vietnam. The period was considered a golden age in Vietnamese language, arts, and culture. The first pieces of Chữ Nôm literature were written during this period, while the introduction of vernacular Vietnamese into the court was established, alongside Chinese. This laid the foundation for the further development and solidifying of the Vietnamese language and identity.