Thiocyanate

Thiocyanates are salts containing the thiocyanate anion [SCN]⁻ (also known as rhodanide or rhodanate). [SCN]⁻ is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid. Common salts include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics.

Thiocyanate is analogous to the cyanate ion, [OCN]⁻, wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur. [SCN]⁻ is one of the pseudohalides, due to the similarity of its reactions to that of halide ions. Thiocyanate used to be known as rhodanide (from a Greek word for rose) because of the red colour of its complexes with iron.

Thiocyanate is produced by the reaction of elemental sulfur or thiosulfate with cyanide:

${\displaystyle {\ce {8 CN- + S8 -> 8 SCN-}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {CN- + S2O3^2- -> SCN- + SO3^2-}}}$

The second reaction is catalyzed by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, a hepatic mitochondrial enzyme, and by other sulfur transferases, which together are responsible for around 80% of cyanide metabolism in the body.