Second Syrian Republic
Syrian Republic | |||||||||||||
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| 1950–1963 | |||||||||||||
Flag
Coat of arms
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| Anthem: "Ḥumāt ad-Diyār" (English: "Guardians of the Homeland") | |||||||||||||
| Status | Component of the United Arab Republic (1958–61) | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Damascus | ||||||||||||
| Largest city | Aleppo | ||||||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||
| Recognised languages | Syriac Armenian Kurdish | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Islam (all branches incl. Alawite) Christianity Judaism Druzism Yazidism | ||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Syrian | ||||||||||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic (1950–1951, 1954–1958, 1961–1963) Military dictatorship (1951–1954) | ||||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||||
• 1950–1951 | Hashim al-Atassi (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1961–1963 | Nazim al-Kudsi (last) | ||||||||||||
| Military Strongman | |||||||||||||
• 1948–1954 | Adib Shishakli | ||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||||
• 1950 | Nazim al-Kudsi (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1962–1963 | Khalid al-Azm (last) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||||||
• Independence of First Syrian Republic | 17 April 1946 | ||||||||||||
• New constitution adopted | 5 September 1950 | ||||||||||||
| 22 February 1958 | |||||||||||||
| 28 September 1961 | |||||||||||||
| 8 March 1963 | |||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
• Total | 189,880 km2 (73,310 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Syrian pound | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Syria | ||||||||||||
| History of Syria |
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| Prehistory |
| Bronze Age |
| Antiquity |
| Middle Ages |
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| Early modern |
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| Modern |
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The Second Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic from 1950 to 1958 and the Syrian Arab Republic from 1961 to 1963, succeeded the First Syrian Republic that had become de facto independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate. The Second Republic was founded on the Syrian Constitution of 1950, which was suspended from 1953 to 1954 under Adib Shishakli's strongmanship, and later when Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic in 1958. The Second Republic resumed when Syria withdrew from the union in 1961. In 1963, the Syrian Ba'athist Party came to power in a bloody military coup, which laid the foundations for the political structure in Syria to the present day.
The green, white, black and red flag is the first flag of the Syrian Arab Republic and with the shortest usage, that being from 1961 to 1963. It is also the flag of the Syrian Opposition during the ongoing Syrian civil war.