First Syrian Republic

The First Syrian Republic, officially the Syrian Republic, was formed in 1930 as a component of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. A treaty of independence was made in 1936 to grant independence to Syria and end official French rule, but the French parliament refused to accept the treaty. From 1940 to 1941, the Syrian Republic was under the control of Vichy France, and after the Allied invasion in 1941 gradually went on the path towards independence. The proclamation of independence took place in 1944, but only in October 1945 was the Syrian Republic de jure recognized by the United Nations; it became a de facto sovereign state on 17 April 1946, with the withdrawal of French troops. It was succeeded by the Second Syrian Republic upon the adoption of a new constitution on 5 September 1950.

"Mandatory Syria" redirects here. For the earlier Syrian state under French mandate, see State of Syria (1925–1930).
Syrian Republic
الجمهورية السورية (Arabic)
al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah
République syrienne (French)
1930–1950
Anthem: حُمَاةَ الدِّيَار

"Ḥumāt ad-Diyār"
("Guardians of the Homeland")
Territory of the Syrian Republic as proposed in the unratified Franco-Syrian Treaty of 1936. (Lebanon was not part of the plan).
In 1938, Alexandretta was also excluded.
StatusComponent of the Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon (1930–1946)
CapitalDamascus
Common languagesArabic, French, Syriac, Armenian, Kurdish, Turkish
Religion
Islam (all branches incl. Alawite), Christianity, Judaism, Druzism, Yazidism
GovernmentFrench Mandate
(1930–1946)
Parliamentary republic
(1946–1950)
High Commissioner 
• 1930–1933 (first)
Henri Ponsot
• 1944–1946 (last)
Étienne Paul Beynet
President 
• 1932–1936 (first)
Muhammad Ali al-Abid
• 1945–1949 (last)
Shukri al-Quwatli
Prime Minister 
• 1932–1934 (first)
Haqqi al-Azm
• 1950 (last)
Nazim al-Kudsi
History 
14 May 1930
9 September 1936
7 September 1938
• Syrian sovereignty / UN admission
24 October 1945
17 April 1946
5 September 1950
Area
• Total
192,424 km2 (74,295 sq mi)
CurrencySyrian pound
Preceded by		Succeeded by
1930:
State of Syria
1936:
Alawite State
Jabal Druze State
1938:
Hatay State
1950:
Second Syrian Republic
Today part of
Syria
Turkey
Israel (disputed)
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