Pentane
Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane | |||
| Other names
Quintane; Refrigerant-4-13-0 | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| 969132 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| DrugBank | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.358 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 1766 | |||
| MeSH | pentane | ||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1265 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| C5H12 | |||
| Molar mass | 72.151 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | Gasoline-like | ||
| Density | 0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K | ||
| Boiling point | 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K | ||
| 40 mg/L (20 °C) | |||
| log P | 3.255 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 57.90 kPa (20.0 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | ~45 | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | ~59 | ||
| UV-vis (λmax) | 200 nm | ||
| -63.05·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.358 | ||
| Viscosity | 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C) | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
167.19 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
263.47 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225, H304, H336, H411 | |||
| P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K) | ||
| 260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.5–7.8% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
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LC50 (median concentration) |
130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min) 128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min) 325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
1500 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanes |
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| Supplementary data page | |||
| Pentane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.
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