Mars 2
The Mars 2 was an uncrewed space probe of the Mars program, a series of uncrewed Mars landers and orbiters launched by the Soviet Union beginning 19 May 1971. The Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander. The orbiter is identical to the Venera 9 bus. The type of bus/orbiter is the 4MV. They were launched by a Proton-K heavy launch vehicle with a Blok D upper stage. The lander of Mars 2 became the first human-made object to reach the surface of Mars, although the landing system failed and the lander was lost.
Mars 3 Orbiter (nearly identical to Mars 2) with lander visible at top | |
| Names | M-71 No. 171 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Orbiter and lander |
| Operator | Soviet Union |
| COSPAR ID | Orbiter: 1971-045A Lander: 1971-045D |
| SATCAT no. | Orbiter: 5234 Lander: 5739 |
| Mission duration | 461 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Launch mass | Combined: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb) Orbiter: 3,440 kg (7,580 lb) Lander: 1,210 kg (2,670 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 16:22:44, May 19, 1971 (UTC) |
| Rocket | Proton K with Blok D upper stage |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Decommissioned |
| Deactivated | August 22, 1972 |
| Last contact | last data transmission July 1972 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Areocentric |
| Mars orbiter | |
| Orbital insertion | 27 November 1971 |
| Orbits | 362 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Periareion altitude | 1,380 km (860 mi) |
| Apoareion altitude | 24,940 km (15,500 mi) |
| Inclination | 48.9° |
| Mars lander | |
| Spacecraft component | Mars 2 Lander |
| Landing date | 27 November 1971 |
| Landing site | 45°S 47°E |
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