4MV

The 4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus.

4MV
Mars-6, a 3MP version of the 4MV bus.
ManufacturerNPO Lavochkin
Country of originSoviet Union
OperatorSoviet Space Program
Specifications
Power2 Solar arrays (Mars, Venera)
4 Solar arrays (Astron, Granat)
Production
Operational1971-1989

Engines:

  • 1 KTDU-425 (Mars 2-3)
  • 1 KTDU-425A (Post 1971)
    • Fuel:
  • UDMH/N2O4
    • ← 3MV 5VK →

    It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 2 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2. The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.

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