Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.

Manihot
Manihot palmata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Crotonoideae
Tribe: Manihoteae
Genus: Manihot
Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763
Type species
Manihot esculenta
Crantz.
Synonyms

Hotnima A.Chev.
Janipha Kunth
Mandioca Link
Manihotoides D.J.Rogers & Appan

Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species
  1. Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
  2. Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
  3. Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  4. Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
  5. Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
  6. Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
  7. Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
  8. Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
  9. Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
  10. Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
  11. Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
  12. Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
  13. Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  14. Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
  15. Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
  16. Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
  17. Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  18. Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
  19. Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia
  20. Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
  21. Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
  22. Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
  23. Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais
  24. Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
  25. Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia
  26. Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
  27. Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
  28. Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
  29. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
  30. Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  31. Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
  32. Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  33. Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
  34. Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
  35. Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
  36. Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás
  37. Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
  38. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  39. Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
  40. Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais
  41. Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
  42. Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia
  43. Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais
  44. Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  45. Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
  46. Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  47. Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
  48. Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
  49. Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo
  50. Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
  51. Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  52. Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia
  53. Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá
  54. Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
  55. Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
  56. Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
  57. Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
  58. Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás
  59. Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  60. Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná
  61. Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal
  62. Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
  63. Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
  64. Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
  65. Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás
  66. Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
  67. Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
  68. Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás
  69. Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás
  70. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  71. Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
  72. Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
  73. Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia
  74. Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  75. Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
  76. Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
  77. Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
  78. Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  79. Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
  80. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
  81. Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás
  82. Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás
  83. Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia
  84. Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  85. Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
  86. Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia
  87. Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  88. Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
  89. Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
  90. Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  91. Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  92. Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás
  93. Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
  94. Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
  95. Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
  96. Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
  97. Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
  98. Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
  99. Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  100. Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
  101. Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
  102. Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  103. Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
  104. Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
  105. Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
  106. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
  107. Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
  108. Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás
  109. Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  110. Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia
variety treated as a species
  1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
formerly included

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
  2. M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
  3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
  4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
  5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
  6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
  7. M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
  8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens
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