Goiás
Goiás (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡojˈjas] ⓘ) is a Brazilian state located in the Center-West region. Goiás borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The state capital is Goiânia. With 7.2 million inhabitants, Goiás is the most populous state in the Center-West and the 11th most populous in the country. It has the ninth largest economy among Brazilian federative units. In Brazil's geoeconomic division, Goiás belongs to the Centro-Sul (Center-South), being the northernmost state of the southern portion of Brazil. The state has 3.3% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 2.7% of the Brazilian GDP.
Goiás | |
|---|---|
| Estado de Goiás State of Goiás | |
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Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): | |
| Anthem: Hino de Goiás | |
Location of State of Goiás in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 15°56′S 50°8′W | |
| Country | Brazil |
| City of Goiás | 1727 |
| Founded by | Bartolomeu Bueno |
| Capital and largest city | Goiânia |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Ronaldo Caiado (União) |
| • Vice Governor | Daniel Vilela (MDB) |
| • Senators | Jorge Kajuru (PSB) Vanderlan Cardoso (PSD) Wilder Morais (PL) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 340,086 km2 (131,308 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 7th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 7,157,000 |
| • Estimate (2023) | 7,157,000 |
| • Rank | 11th |
| • Density | 18.46/km2 (47.8/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 19th |
| Demonym | Goiano |
| GDP | |
| • Year | 2021 |
| • Total | US$ 51,982,000,000 (9th) |
| • Per capita | US$ 7,779 (10th) |
| HDI | |
| • Year | 2021 |
| • Category | 0.737 – high (10th) |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (BRT) |
| Postal Code | 73700-000 to 76790-000 |
| ISO 3166 code | BR-GO |
| Website | goias.gov.br |
The history of Goiás dates back to the beginning of the 18th century, with the arrival of pioneers from São Paulo. The Rio Vermelho region was the first to be occupied, where Vila Boa (later renamed Goiás) was founded. The development and settlement of the state took place, in a more intensified way, starting in the 1930s with the founding of the new capital, Goiânia, and especially with the construction of Brasília in the 1950s.
Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões (plateaus). In the height of the drought season, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of beaches. At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros, it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the main attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions include the historical city of Goiás and the hot springs of Caldas Novas.