Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Kazakhstan, the Kazakh SSR, or simply Kazakhstan, was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. Located in northern Central Asia, it was created on 5 December 1936 from the Kazakh ASSR, an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR.
| 1936–1991 | |||||||||
Flag (1953–1991)
State emblem
(1978–1991) | |||||||||
| Motto: "Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер!" "Barlyq elderdıñ proletarlary, bırıgıñder!"(transliteration) "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Қазақ Советтік Социалистік Республикасының мемлекеттік гимны" "State Anthem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" | |||||||||
Location of Kazakhstan (red) within the Soviet Union | |||||||||
| Status | Soviet socialist republic | ||||||||
| Capital | Alma-Ata | ||||||||
| Largest cities | Karaganda Pavlodar Shymkent Shakhtinsk Nikolsk | ||||||||
| Official languages | Kazakh · Russian | ||||||||
| Minority languages | Uzbek · Uyghur · Tatar · Kyrgyz · Azerbaijani · Korean | ||||||||
| Religion | State atheism | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Kazakh Soviet | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party soviet republic (1936–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991) | ||||||||
| First Secretary | |||||||||
• 1936–1938 (first) | Levon Mirzoyan | ||||||||
• 1991 (last) | Nursultan Nazarbayev | ||||||||
| Head of state | |||||||||
• 1936–1937 (first) | Ukakbai Zeldirbayuly K. | ||||||||
• 1990 (last) | Nursultan Nazarbayev | ||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||
• 1936–1937 (first) | Uraz Isayev | ||||||||
• 1991
(Last) | Sergey Tereshchenko | ||||||||
| Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Elevation to a Union Republic | 5 December 1936 | ||||||||
| 16 December 1986 | |||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 25 October 1990 | ||||||||
• Renamed Republic of Kazakhstan | 10 December 1991 | ||||||||
• Independence declared | 16 December 1991 | ||||||||
• Independence recognised | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||
| HDI (1991) | 0.684 medium | ||||||||
| Currency | Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR) | ||||||||
| Time zone | (UTC+4 to +6) | ||||||||
| Calling code | +7 31/32/330/33622 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | SU | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .su | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Kazakhstan | ||||||||
| Eastern Bloc |
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| History of Kazakhstan |
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At 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,049,200 sq mi) in area, it was the second-largest republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata (today known as Almaty). During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic, it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR (QKP).
On 25 October 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR declared its sovereignty on its soil. QKP first secretary Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected president in April of that year – a role he remained in until 2019.
The Kazakh SSR was renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan on 10 December 1991, which declared its independence six days later, as the last republic to secede from the USSR on 16 December 1991. The Soviet Union was officially dissolved on 26 December 1991 by the Soviet of the Republics. The Republic of Kazakhstan, the legal successor to the Kazakh SSR, was admitted to the United Nations on 2 March 1992.