Fujian
Fujian /ˌfuːdʒiˈɛn/ (ⓘ; also romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest city by population is Quanzhou, other notable cities include the port city of Xiamen and Zhangzhou. Fujian is located on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait as the closest geographically and culturally to Taiwan. Certain islands such as Kinmen are only approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Xiamen in Fujian.
Fujian
福建 Hokkien | |
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| Province of Fujian | |
| Name transcription(s) | |
| • Chinese | 福建省 (Fújiàn Shěng) |
| • Abbreviation | FJ / 闽 (pinyin: Mǐn, POJ: Bân) |
| • Foochow | Hók-gióng |
| • Hokkien POJ | Hok-kiàn |
(clockwise from top)
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Map showing the location of Fujian province | |
| Coordinates: 25°54′N 118°18′E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China Republic of China (Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu) |
| Jiangnandong Circuit | 626 |
| Fujian Circuit | 985 |
| Partition of Taiwan | 1887 |
| Fujian People's Government | 1933–1934 |
| Division of Fujian | 17 August 1949 |
| Named for | 福 Fú: Fuzhou 建 Jiàn: Jianzhou |
| Capital | Fuzhou |
| Largest city | Quanzhou |
| Divisions - Prefecture-level - County-level - Township- level | 9 prefectures 84 counties 1102 towns and subdistricts |
| Government | |
| • Type | Province |
| • Body | Fujian Provincial People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Zhou Zuyi |
| • Congress Chairman | Zhou Zuyi |
| • Governor | Zhao Long |
| • Provincial CPPCC Chairman | Teng Jiacai |
| • National People's Congress Representation | 74 deputies |
| Area | |
| • Total | 121,400 km2 (46,900 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 23rd |
| Highest elevation | 2,158 m (7,080 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 41,540,086 |
| • Rank | 15th |
| • Density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 14th |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic composition | Han – 98% She – 1% Hui – 0.3% |
| • Languages and dialects | Min (inc. Fuzhounese, Eastern Min, Northern Min, Central Min, Pu-Xian Min, Hokkien and others), Mandarin, She, Hakka |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-FJ |
| GDP | 2022 |
| – Total | ¥5.31 trillion (8th) $790 billion (nominal) |
| – Per capita | ¥126,829 (4th) $18,856 (nominal) |
| – Growth | 4.7% |
| HDI (2021) | 0.775 (9th) – high |
| Website | www |
| Fujian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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"Fujian" in Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 福建 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Fu(zhou) and Jian(zhou)" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Abbreviation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 闽 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 閩 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | [the Min River] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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While its population is predominantly identify Han ethnicity, it is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China. The dialects of the language group Min Chinese were most commonly spoken within the province, including the Fuzhou dialect and Eastern Min of Northeastern Fujian province and various Southern Min and Hokkien dialects of southeastern Fujian. The capital city of Fuzhou and Fu'an of Ningde prefecture along with Cangnan county-level city of Wenzhou prefecture in Zhejiang province make up the Min Dong linguistic and cultural region of Northeastern Fujian. Hakka Chinese is also spoken, by the Hakka people in Fujian. Min dialects, Hakka and Standard Chinese are mutually unintelligible. Due to emigration, a sizable amount of the ethnic Chinese populations of Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines speak Southern Min (or Hokkien).
With a population of 41.5 million, Fujian ranks 15th in population among Chinese provinces. In 2022, Fujian's GDP reached CN¥5.31 trillion (US$790 billion by nominal GDP), ranking 4th in East China region and 8th nationwide in GDP. Fujian's GDP per capita is above the national average, at CN¥126,829 (US$18,856 in nominal), the second highest GDP per capita of all Chinese provinces after Jiangsu. It has benefited from its geographical proximity with Taiwan. As a result of the Chinese Civil War, a small proportion of Historical Fujian is now within the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan). The Fujian province of the ROC consists of three offshore archipelagos, namely the Kinmen Islands, the Matsu Islands, and the Wuqiu Islands.
Fujian is considered one of China's leading provinces in education and research. As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the top 45 cities in the world (Xiamen 38th and Fuzhou 45th) by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index.