Cuprite
Cuprite is an oxide mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is a minor ore of copper.
| Cuprite | |
|---|---|
Cuprite from Morenci, Arizona | |
| General | |
| Category | Oxide mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Cu2O |
| IMA symbol | Cpr |
| Strunz classification | 4.AA.10 |
| Dana classification | 4.1.1.1 |
| Crystal system | Cubic |
| Crystal class | Hexoctahedral (m3m) H-M symbol: (4/m 3 2/m) |
| Space group | Pn3m |
| Unit cell | a = 4.2685 Å; V = 77.77 Å3; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Dark red to conchineal red, sometimes almost black |
| Crystal habit | Cubic, octahedral, and dodecahedral crystals; as hairlike capillary forms, earthy, compact granular and massive |
| Twinning | Penetration twins |
| Cleavage | Fair in four directions forming octahedrons |
| Fracture | Conchoidal to uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3.5 to 4 |
| Luster | Adamantine, sub-metallic, earthy |
| Streak | Shining metallic brownish-red |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent, translucent |
| Specific gravity | 6.14 |
| Optical properties | Isotropic |
| Refractive index | n = 2.849 |
| Pleochroism | Visible |
| References | |
Its dark crystals with red internal reflections are in the isometric system hexoctahedral class, appearing as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral forms, or in combinations. Penetration twins frequently occur. In spite of its nice color, it is rarely used for jewelry because of its low Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4. It has a relatively high specific gravity of 6.1, imperfect cleavage and is brittle to conchoidal fracture. The luster is sub-metallic to brilliant adamantine. The "chalcotrichite" (from Ancient Greek: χαλκός θρίξ τριχός, "plush copper ore") variety typically shows greatly elongated (parallel to [001]) capillary or needle like crystals forms.
It is a secondary mineral which forms in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide deposits. It frequently occurs in association with native copper, azurite, chrysocolla, malachite, tenorite and a variety of iron oxide minerals. It is known as ruby copper due to its distinctive red color.
Cuprite was first described by Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger in 1845 and the name derives from the Latin cuprum for its copper content.
Cuprite is found in the Ural Mountains, Altai Mountains, and Sardinia, and in more isolated locations in Cornwall, France, Arizona, Chile, Bolivia, and Namibia.