Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

AHR
Identifiers
Aliases	AHR, bHLHe76, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, RP85
External IDs	OMIM: 600253 MGI: 105043 HomoloGene: 1224 GeneCards: AHR
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	17,346,152 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	35,585,037 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	visceral pleura; ; parietal pleura; ; superficial temporal artery; ; Achilles tendon; ; lower lobe of lung; ; gallbladder; ; vulva; ; tibial nerve; ; mucosa of urinary bladder; ; lactiferous duct;
	Top expressed in
	left lung lobe; ; urothelium; ; mucosa of urinary bladder; ; carotid body; ; sciatic nerve; ; right lung; ; conjunctival fornix; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; right lung lobe; ; utricle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding; Hsp90 protein binding; protein dimerization activity; transcription factor binding; nuclear receptor activity; E-box binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding; transcription coactivator binding; TBP-class protein binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; protein homodimerization activity; sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; transcription regulator complex; cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; nucleus; aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; cytosol; nucleoplasm; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; rhythmic process; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription by RNA polymerase II; circadian regulation of gene expression; transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; regulation of B cell proliferation; blood vessel development; regulation of gene expression; xenobiotic metabolic process; cell cycle; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; response to toxic substance; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; apoptotic process; intracellular receptor signaling pathway; response to drug; cAMP-mediated signaling; cellular response to cAMP; cellular response to forskolin; cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	196
	11622
	ENSG00000106546
	ENSMUSG00000019256
	P35869
	P30561
	NM_001621
	NM_013464; NM_001314027
	NP_001612
	NP_001300956; NP_038492
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (also known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression. It was originally thought to function primarily as a sensor of xenobiotic chemicals and also as the regulator of enzymes such as cytochrome P450s that metabolize these chemicals. The most notable of these xenobiotic chemicals are aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbons from which the receptor derives its name.

More recently, it has been discovered that AhR is activated (or deactivated) by a number of endogenous indole derivatives such as kynurenine. In addition to regulating metabolism enzymes, the AhR has roles in regulating immunity, stem cell maintenance, and cellular differentiation.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a member of the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. AhR binds several exogenous ligands such as natural plant flavonoids, polyphenols and indoles, as well as synthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxin-like compounds. AhR is a cytosolic transcription factor that is normally inactive, bound to several co-chaperones. Upon ligand binding to chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the chaperones dissociate resulting in AhR translocating into the nucleus and dimerizing with ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator), leading to changes in gene transcription.

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