Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) trees are the tree data structures that contain recursively subdivided spaces; they are used mostly for processing 3D graphics, but also have some more obscure uses such as RPG dungeon generation.
More info can be found on the "Binary space partitioning" article on Wikipedia.
This tag was created because the current BSP tag stands for 'Board Support Package' all 'bsp' questions about Binary Space Partitioning (trees) are in effect wrongly tagged.