Android Vitals allows developers to obtain performance and stability metrics about their app, from users who voluntarily provide this data. Use this tag for questions concerning the Android Vitals tools themselves; information provided via Vitals does not normally require this tag.
Android Vitals gives developers information about the stability of their app. When end users of your app opt-in to this, you get information about battery usage, stability and render time in the Play Console. The purpose is to provide metrics to help analyze and fix bad behavior of your app, for a better experience by the end user.
Sources:
Android Vitals on the "Develop" part of the official Android Developers website.
Android Vitals on the distribution part of the official Android Developers website.