On Ubuntu 18.04, the error is:
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "".
The culprit is this error message:
Cannot load library /opt/nao/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so: (/opt/nao/bin/../lib/libz.so.1: version `ZLIB_1.2.9' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16))
The solution is to skip the shipped libz.so.1.2.8 in lib/ with symbolic links, like so:
abacus:/opt/nao/lib$ dir libz.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 feb. 4 11:16 libz.so -> libz.so.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 feb. 4 11:15 libz.so.1 -> /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105032 feb. 1 16:32 libz.so.1.2.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 feb. 1 16:32 libz.so.1.old -> ./libz.so.1.2.8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 feb. 1 16:32 libz.so.old -> ./libz.so.1.2.8
and
abacus:/opt/nao/lib$ dir /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 mai 23 2017 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 -> libz.so.1.2.11
With this linking, both Choregraphe and robot_settings should start up.