T-90
The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank developed to replace the T-72. It uses a 125 mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and composite armour, smoke grenade dischargers, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour (ERA) and the Shtora infrared anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) jamming system.
| T-90 | |
|---|---|
A Russian Army T-90M main battle tank | |
| Type | Main battle tank |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service |
|
| Used by | See Operators |
| Wars | War of Dagestan Syrian Civil War War in Donbas Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Russo-Ukrainian War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Kartsev-Venediktov |
| Manufacturer | Uralvagonzavod, Heavy Vehicles Factory |
| Unit cost | USD 2.5 million in 1999, USD 2.77–4.25 million in 2011 (varies by source) T-90SM: USD 4.5 million in 2016 |
| Produced | 1992–present |
| No. built | ~4,000 (2023, see Operators) 1,400 units of T-90S/SM built in India under license >1000 delivered to other countries |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 46 tonnes (45 long tons; 51 short tons) (T-90) 46.5 tonnes (45.8 long tons; 51.3 short tons) (T-90A) 48 tonnes (47 long tons; 53 short tons) (T-90SM) |
| Length | 9.63 m (31 ft 7 in) 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in) (hull) |
| Width | 3.78 m (12 ft 5 in) |
| Height | 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in) |
| Crew | 3 |
| Armor | Steel-composite-reactive blend APFSDS: 550 mm + 250–280 mm with Kontakt-5 = 800–830 mm HEAT: 650–850 mm + 500–700 mm with Kontakt-5 = 1,150–1,550 mm |
Main armament | 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore gun with 43 rounds (T-90) 2A46M-2 125 mm smoothbore gun with 42 rounds (T-90A) 2A46M-5 125 mm smoothbore gun with 43 rounds (T-90M) |
Secondary armament | 12.7mm Kord Heavy machine gun, 7.62mm PKMT |
| Engine | V-84MS 12-cyl. diesel (T-90) V-92S2 12-cyl. diesel (T-90A) V-92S2F 840 hp (617 kW) for V-84MS 12-cyl. diesel engine 1000 hp (736 kW) for V-92S2 12-cyl. diesel engine (T-90A and T-90S) 1130 hp (831 kW) for V-92S2F (T-90M and T-90MS) |
| Power/weight | 18.2 hp/tonne (13.3 kW/tonne) (T-90) 21.5hp/tonne (15 kW/tonne) (T-90A) |
| Suspension | Torsion bar |
Operational range | 550 km (340 mi) (without fuel drums) |
| Maximum speed | 60 km/h (37 mph) (T-90A and T-90MS) |
The T-90 was designed and built by Uralvagonzavod, in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. It entered service with the Russian army in 1992.
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