Mercury(II) chloride
Mercury(II) chloride (or mercury bichloride, mercury dichloride), historically also known as sulema or corrosive sublimate, is the inorganic chemical compound of mercury and chlorine with the formula HgCl2, used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white crystalline solid and a molecular compound that is very toxic to humans. Once used as a treatment for syphilis, it is no longer used for medicinal purposes because of mercury toxicity and the availability of superior treatments.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Mercury(II) chloride Mercury dichloride | |
| Other names
Mercury bichloride Corrosive sublimate Abavit Mercuric chloride Sulema (Russia) TL-898 Agrosan Hydrargyri dichloridum (homeopathy) | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.454 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1624 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| HgCl2 | |
| Molar mass | 271.52 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless or white solid |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 5.43 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 276 °C (529 °F; 549 K) |
| Boiling point | 304 °C (579 °F; 577 K) |
| 3.6 g/100 mL (0 °C) 7.4 g/100 mL (20 °C) 48 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | 4 g/100 mL (ether) soluble in alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate slightly soluble in benzene, CS2, pyridine |
| Acidity (pKa) | 3.2 (0.2M solution) |
| −82.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.859 |
| Structure | |
| orthogonal | |
| linear | |
| linear | |
| zero | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
144 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−230 kJ·mol−1 |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
-178.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| D08AK03 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Highly toxic, corrosive. |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H300+H310+H330, H301, H314, H341, H361f, H372, H410 | |
| P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P314, P321, P330, P363, P391, P405, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
32 mg/kg (rats, orally) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0979 |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Mercury(II) fluoride Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(II) iodide |
Other cations |
Zinc chloride Cadmium chloride Mercury(I) chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
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