Strychnine

Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -⁠nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -⁠nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.

For the song by The Sonics, see Here Are The Sonics.
Strychnine
Names
IUPAC name
Strychnidin-10-one
Systematic IUPAC name
(4bR,4b1S,7aS,8aR,8a1R,12aS)-4b1,5,6,7a,8,8a,8a1,11,12a,13-Decahydro-14H-12-oxa-7,14a-diaza-7,9-methanocyclohepta[cd]cyclopenta[g]fluoranthen-14-one
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.290
KEGG
RTECS number
  • WL2275000
UNII
UN number 1692
  • InChI=1S/C21H22N2O2/c24-18-10-16-19-13-9-17-21(6-7-22(17)11-12(13)5-8-25-16)14-3-1-2-4-15(14)23(18)20(19)21/h1-5,13,16-17,19-20H,6-11H2/t13-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1 Y
    Key: QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C21H22N2O2/c24-18-10-16-19-13-9-17-21(6-7-22(17)11-12(13)5-8-25-16)14-3-1-2-4-15(14)23(18)20(19)21/h1-5,13,16-17,19-20H,6-11H2/t13-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
    Key: QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLBR
  • O=C7N2c1ccccc1[C@@]64[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H](OC/C=C5\[C@@H]3C[C@@H]6N(CC4)C5)C7
Properties
C21H22N2O2
Molar mass 334.419 g·mol−1
Appearance White or translucent crystal or crystalline powder; Bitter tasting
Odor Odorless
Density 1.36 g cm−3
Melting point 270 °C; 518 °F; 543 K
Boiling point 284 to 286 °C; 543 to 547 °F; 557 to 559 K
0.02% (20°C)
Acidity (pKa) 8.25
Pharmacology
Legal status
  • BR: Class F4 (Other prohibited substances)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Extremely toxic
GHS labelling:
Danger
H300, H310, H330, H410
P260, P264, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
0
0
Flash point Non flammable
Non flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
0.5 mg/kg (dog, oral)
0.5 mg/kg (cat, oral)
2 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
16 mg/kg (rat, oral)
2.35 mg/kg (rat, oral)
0.6 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.15 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.15 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 3 mg/m3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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