Stephen Breyer
Stephen Gerald Breyer (/ˈbraɪ.ər/ BRY-ər; born August 15, 1938) is an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1994 until his retirement in 2022. He was nominated by President Bill Clinton, and replaced retiring justice Harry Blackmun. Breyer was generally associated with the liberal wing of the Court. He is now the Byrne Professor of Administrative Law and Process at Harvard Law School.
Stephen Breyer | |
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Official portrait, c. 2006 | |
| Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | |
| In office August 3, 1994 – June 30, 2022 | |
| Nominated by | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Harry Blackmun |
| Succeeded by | Ketanji Brown Jackson |
| Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | |
| In office March 1990 – August 3, 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Levin H. Campbell |
| Succeeded by | Juan R. Torruella |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | |
| In office December 10, 1980 – August 3, 1994 | |
| Nominated by | Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | Seat established |
| Succeeded by | Sandra Lynch |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Stephen Gerald Breyer August 15, 1938 San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Spouse |
Joanna Hare (m. 1967) |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Charles Breyer (brother) |
| Education | |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1957–1965 |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Unit | Strategic Intelligence (Reserve) |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Liberalism in the United States |
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Born in San Francisco, Breyer attended Stanford University, the University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1964. After a clerkship with Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg in 1964–65, Breyer was a law professor and lecturer at Harvard Law School from 1967 until 1980. He specialized in administrative law, writing textbooks that remain in use today. He held other prominent positions before being nominated to the Supreme Court, including special assistant to the United States Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust and assistant special prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force in 1973. Breyer became a federal judge in 1980, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. In his 2005 book Active Liberty, Breyer made his first attempt to systematically communicate his views on legal theory, arguing that the judiciary should seek to resolve issues in a manner that encourages popular participation in governmental decisions.
On January 27, 2022, Breyer and President Joe Biden announced Breyer's intention to retire from the Supreme Court. On February 25, 2022, Biden nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and one of Breyer's former law clerks, to succeed him. The Senate confirmed Jackson on April 7, 2022, by a vote of 53–47. Breyer remained on the Supreme Court until June 30, 2022. Breyer wrote majority opinions in landmark Supreme Court cases such as Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. and Google v. Oracle and notable dissents questioning the constitutionality of the death penalty in cases such as Glossip v. Gross.