Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Sommerfeld
	Sommerfeld in 1897
Born	Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld; 5 December 1868; Königsberg, Kingdom of Prussia
Died	26 April 1951 (aged 82); Munich, West Germany
Alma mater	University of Königsberg
Known for	Sommerfeld coefficient; Sommerfeld effect; Sommerfeld expansion; Sommerfeld identity; Sommerfeld number; Sommerfeld parameter; Sommerfeld precursor; Sommerfeld radiation condition; Sommerfeld's approximation; Sommerfeld's constant; Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement; Sommerfeld–Runge method; Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization; Sommerfeld–Bohr theory; Sommerfeld–Gobau line; Sommerfeld–Watson representation; Sommerfeld–Zeneck surface wave; Drude–Sommerfeld model; Grimm–Sommerfeld rule; Orr–Sommerfeld equation; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory; Azimuthal quantum number; Magnetic quantum number; Group velocity; Momentum operator; Hyperbolic motion in relativity; Tachyonic antitelephone;
Awards	Matteucci Medal (1924); Max-Planck Medal (1931); James Scott Prize Lectureship (1933); Lorentz Medal (1939); Oersted Medal (1949); Fellow of the Royal Society (1926);
	Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Göttingen; Technische Universität Clausthal; University of Aachen; University of Munich;
Thesis	The arbitrary functions in mathematical physics (1891)
Doctoral advisor	Ferdinand von Lindemann
Doctoral students	Karl Bechert; Hans Bethe; Hermann Brück; Peter Debye; Paul Sophus Epstein; Paul Peter Ewald; Eugene Feenberg; Herbert Fröhlich; Erwin Fues; Ernst Guillemin; Werner Heisenberg; Karl Herzfeld; Helmut Hönl; Ludwig Hopf; Walther Kossel; Adolf Kratzer; Alfred Landé; Otto Laporte; Wilhelm Lenz; Karl Meissner; Wolfgang Pauli; Rudolf Peierls; Walter Rogowski; Rudolf Seeliger; Ernst C. Stückelberg; Heinrich Welker; Gregor Wentzel;
Other notable students	Herbert Kroemer; Linus Pauling; Isidor I. Rabi; Walter Heitler; Werner Romberg; Max von Laue; William Allis; Carl Eckart; Edwin C. Kemble; William V. Houston; Edward Condon; Philip M. Morse; Howard Robertson; Wojciech Rubinowicz;

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, ForMemRS (German: [ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics. He served as doctoral supervisor and postdoc supervisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists. Only J. J. Thomson's record of mentorship offers a comparable list of high-achieving students.

He introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.

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