Silane
Silane (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SiH4. It is a colourless, pyrophoric, toxic gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid. Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silane with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter.
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Silane | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Silicane | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.331 | ||
| 273 | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 2203 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| H4Si | |||
| Molar mass | 32.117 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
| Odor | Repulsive | ||
| Density | 1.313 g/L | ||
| Melting point | −185 °C (−301.0 °F; 88.1 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −111.9 °C (−169.4 °F; 161.2 K) | ||
| Reacts slowly | |||
| Vapor pressure | >1 atm (20 °C) | ||
| Conjugate acid | Silanium (sometimes spelled silonium) | ||
| Structure | |||
| Tetrahedral r(Si-H) = 1.4798 Å | |||
| 0 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
42.81 J/mol·K | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
204.61 J/mol·K | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
34.31 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
56.91 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Extremely flammable, pyrophoric in air | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H220, H280 | |||
| P210, P222, P230, P280, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | Not applicable, pyrophoric gas | ||
| ~ 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.37–100% | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
None | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D. | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0564 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related tetrahydride compounds |
Methane Germane Stannane Plumbane | ||
Related compounds |
Phenylsilane Vinylsilane Disilane Trisilane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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