Ronglu

Ronglu (6 April 1836 11 April 1903), courtesy name Zhonghua, was a Manchu political and military leader of the late Qing dynasty. He was born in the Guwalgiya clan, which was under the Plain White Banner of the Manchu Eight Banners. Deeply favoured by Empress Dowager Cixi, he served in a number of important civil and military positions in the Qing government, including the Zongli Yamen, Grand Council, Grand Secretary, Viceroy of Zhili, Beiyang Trade Minister, Secretary of Defence, Nine Gates Infantry Commander, and Wuwei Corps Commander. He was also the maternal grandfather of Puyi, the last Emperor of China and the Qing dynasty.

Ronglu
Chief Grand Councillor
In office
1901–1903
Preceded byShiduo
Succeeded byYikuang
Grand Councillor
In office
1898  1903
(as the Chief Grand Councillor since 1901)
Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall
In office
2 February 1902  11 April 1903
Preceded byLi Hongzhang
Succeeded byShixu
Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Library
In office
22 June 1898  2 February 1902
Preceded byLinshu
Succeeded byShixu
Assistant Grand Secretary
In office
4 June 1896  10 June 1898
Viceroy of Zhili
In office
15 June 1898  28 September 1898
Preceded byWang Wenshao
Succeeded byYuan Shikai (acting)
Minister of War
In office
11 August 1895  10 June 1898
Serving with Xu Fu
Preceded byJingxin
Succeeded byGangyi
Minister of Works
In office
15 June 1878  19 January 1879
Serving with He Shouci
Preceded byJinglian
Succeeded byQuanqing
Personal details
Born(1836-04-06)6 April 1836
Died11 April 1903(1903-04-11) (aged 67)
Beijing, Qing China
SpouseWanzhen
RelationsChangshou (father)
Zaifeng (son-in-law)
Puyi (grandson)
ChildrenYoulan (daughter)
Occupationpolitician
ClanGuwalgiya
Posthumous nameWenzhong (文忠)
Military service
Allegiance Qing Dynasty
Battles/warsBoxer Rebellion
Ronglu
Traditional Chinese榮祿
Simplified Chinese荣禄
Zhonghua
(courtesy name)
Traditional Chinese仲華
Simplified Chinese仲华
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