Pyoverdine

Pyoverdines (alternatively, and less commonly, spelled as pyoverdins) are fluorescent siderophores produced by certain pseudomonads. Pyoverdines are important virulence factors, and are required for pathogenesis in many biological models of infection. Their contributions to bacterial pathogenesis include providing a crucial nutrient (i.e., iron), regulation of other virulence factors (including exotoxin A and the protease PrpL), supporting the formation of biofilms, and are increasingly recognized for having toxicity themselves.

Pyoverdine
Names
Other names
Pyoverdin
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
  • InChI=1S/C56H88N18O22/c1-27(79)43-53(91)61-15-4-3-8-31(46(84)65-34(11-7-19-73(96)26-78)49(87)70-44(28(2)80)54(92)71-43)64-47(85)33(10-6-18-72(95)25-77)67-50(88)36(23-75)68-48(86)32(9-5-16-62-56(58)59)66-51(89)37(24-76)69-52(90)38-14-17-60-45-35(63-42(83)13-12-30(57)55(93)94)20-29-21-40(81)41(82)22-39(29)74(38)45/h20-22,25-28,30-34,36-38,43-45,60,75-76,79-82,95-96H,3-19,23-24,57H2,1-2H3,(H,61,91)(H,63,83)(H,64,85)(H,65,84)(H,66,89)(H,67,88)(H,68,86)(H,69,90)(H,70,87)(H,71,92)(H,93,94)(H4,58,59,62)
  • Key: QIRRYPHVUMPBDX-UARRTFJPSA-N
  • CC(C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CCCN(C=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCCN(C=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C2CCNC3N2C4=CC(=C(C=C4C=C3NC(=O)CCC(C(=O)O)N)O)O)C(C)O)O
Properties
C56H88N18O22
Molar mass 1365.424 g·mol−1
Appearance Solid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Pyoverdines have also been investigated as "Trojan Horse" molecules for the delivery of antimicrobials to otherwise resistant bacterial strains, as chelators that can be used for bioremediation of heavy metals, and as fluorescent reporters used to assay for the presence of iron and potentially other metals.

Due to their bridging the gaps between pathogenicity, iron metabolism, and fluorescence, pyoverdines have piqued the curiosity of scientists around the world for over 100 years.

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