Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl3 and POCl3. PCl5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC names
Phosphorus pentachloride Pentachloro-λ5-phosphane | |||
| Other names
Pentachlorophosphorane | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.043 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1806 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| Cl5P | |||
| Molar mass | 208.22 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | yellowish white crystals | ||
| Odor | pungent, unpleasant | ||
| Density | 2.1 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | 160.5 °C (320.9 °F; 433.6 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 166.8 °C (332.2 °F; 439.9 K) sublimation | ||
| reacts | |||
| Solubility | soluble in CS2, chlorocarbons, benzene | ||
| Vapor pressure | 1.11 kPa (80 °C) 4.58 kPa (100 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| tetragonal | |||
| D3h (trigonal bipyramidal) | |||
| 0 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
111.5 J/mol·K | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
364.2 J/mol·K | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H302, H314, H330, H373 | |||
| P260, P280, P284, P305+P351+P338, P310 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
660 mg/kg (rat, oral) | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
205 mg/m3 (rat) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
1020 mg/m3 (mouse, 10 min) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1 mg/m3 | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1 mg/m3 | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
70 mg/m3 | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0544 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related phosphorus pentahalides |
Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus pentabromide Phosphorus pentaiodide | ||
Related compounds |
Phosphorus trichloride Phosphoryl chloride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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