p16

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a p19Arf N-terminus
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a p19Arf N-terminus
	solution structure of the n-terminal 37 amino acids of the mouse arf tumor suppressor protein
Identifiers
Symbol	P19Arf_N
Pfam	PF07392
InterPro	IPR010868
SCOP2	1hn3 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Pfam
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

CDKN2A
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2A5E, 1A5E, 1BI7, 1DC2,%%s1A5E, 1BI7, 1DC2, 2A5E
Identifiers
Aliases	CDKN2A, CDK4I, CDKN2, CMM2, INK4, INK4A, MLM, MTS-1, MTS1, P14, P14ARF, P16, P16-INK4A, P16INK4, P16INK4A, P19, P19ARF, TP16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, Genes, p16, ARF.
External IDs	OMIM: 600160 MGI: 104738 HomoloGene: 55430 GeneCards: CDKN2A
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	21,995,301 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	89,212,890 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	parotid gland; ; pituitary gland; ; anterior pituitary; ; subthalamic nucleus; ; tongue; ; ventral tegmental area; ; superior surface of tongue; ; external globus pallidus; ; pericardium; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; calvaria; ; Greater petrosal nerve; ; meninges; ; spermatid; ; thymus; ; adrenal gland; ; spermatocyte; ; lens; ; tracheobronchial tree;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	NF-kappaB binding; protein binding; cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity; protein kinase binding; RNA binding; DNA binding; p53 binding; transcription factor binding; MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding; ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity; SUMO transferase activity; disordered domain specific binding; ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; senescence-associated heterochromatin focus; nucleus; nuclear body; nucleoplasm; nucleolus; mitochondrion; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity; replicative senescence; G1 phase; negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; cellular senescence; negative regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of cellular senescence; positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process; cell cycle; Ras protein signal transduction; negative regulation of phosphorylation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; apoptotic process; regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; regulation of protein stability; negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus; regulation of protein export from nucleus; negative regulation of protein kinase activity; negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process; protein K63-linked ubiquitination; positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator; somatic stem cell division; protein stabilization; protein polyubiquitination; positive regulation of protein sumoylation; transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; autophagy of mitochondrion; apoptotic mitochondrial changes; regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion; protein destabilization; negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity; positive regulation of apoptotic process; rRNA processing; negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; mitochondrial depolarization; positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of B cell proliferation; activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus; protein sumoylation; positive regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity; amyloid fibril formation; negative regulation of protein neddylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1029
	12578
	ENSG00000147889
	ENSMUSG00000044303
	P42771; Q8N726
	P51480; Q64364
NM_000077; NM_001195132; NM_058195; NM_058196; NM_058197;
	NM_001363763
	NM_001040654; NM_009877
NP_000068; NP_001182061; NP_478102; NP_478104; NP_001350692;
	NP_478102.2
	NP_001035744; NP_034007; NP_034007.1
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

p16 (also known as p16^INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S phase, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor. It is encoded by the CDKN2A gene. A deletion (the omission of a part of the DNA sequence during replication) in this gene can result in insufficient or non-functional p16, accelerating the cell cycle and resulting in many types of cancer.

p16 can be used as a biomarker to improve the histological diagnostic accuracy of grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). p16 is also implicated in the prevention of melanoma, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, vulvar cancer and esophageal cancer.

p16 was discovered in 1993. It is a protein with 148 amino acids and a molecular weight of 16 kDa that comprises four ankyrin repeats. The name of p16 is derived from its molecular weight, and the alternative name p16^INK4a refers to its role in inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase CDK4.

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