Odisha
Odisha (English: /əˈdɪsə/, Odia: [oɽiˈsa] ⓘ), formerly Orissa (/ɒˈrɪsə, ɔː-, oʊ-/ the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the eighth-largest state by area, and the eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal in Indian Ocean. The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana". The language of Odisha is Odia, which is one of the Classical Languages of India.
Odisha | |
|---|---|
Zigzag from Top-left: Konark Sun Temple, Jagannath Temple, Deomali, Rourkela Steel Plant, Mahanadi, Simlipal National Park, Chilika Lake, Ratnagiri, Leaning Temple of Huma, Sisupalgarh | |
| Etymology: Land of Odias | |
| Nickname: Soul of India | |
| Motto: Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
| Anthem: Bande Utkala Janani (I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala) | |
Location of Odisha in India | |
| Coordinates: 20.27°N 85.82°E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | East India |
| Before was | Orissa Province |
| Formation | April 1, 1936 Odisha Day |
| Capital and largest city | Bhubaneswar |
| Districts | 30 (3 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Odisha |
| • Governor | Raghubar Das |
| • Chief minister | Naveen Patnaik (BJD) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Odisha Legislative Assembly (147 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 10 seats |
| • Lok Sabha | 21 seats |
| High Court | Odisha High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 155,707 km2 (60,119 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 8th |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 1,030 km (640 mi) |
| • Width | 500 km (300 mi) |
| Elevation | 900 m (3,000 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Deomali) | 1,672 m (5,486 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | −1 m (−3 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 41,974,218 |
| • Rank | 11th |
| • Density | 269/km2 (700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 16.69% |
| • Rural | 83.31% |
| Demonym | Odia |
| Language | |
| • Official | Odia |
| • Official script | Odia script |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2021–22) | ₹5.86 trillion (US$73 billion) |
| • Rank | 15th |
| • Per capita | ₹127,383 (US$1,600) (24th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-OD |
| Vehicle registration | OD (formerly OR) |
| HDI (2018) | 0.606 Medium (32nd) |
| Literacy (2023) | 75.15% (25th) |
| Sex ratio (2023) | 1063♀/1000 ♂ (18th) |
| Website | odisha |
| Symbols of Odisha | |
| Song | Bande Utkala Janani (I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala) |
| Foundation day | Utkala Dibasa |
| Bird | Indian roller |
| Fish | Mahanadi mahseer |
| Flower | Asoka |
| Mammal | Sambar |
| Tree | Sacred Fig |
| State highway mark | |
| State highway of Odisha OR SH1 – OR SH57 | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (which was again won back from him by King Kharavela) in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha. The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the Indian government when Orissa Province was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of Bihar and Orissa Province. The 1st of April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa (lit. 'Odisha Day'). Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135, after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha. The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹5.86 trillion (US$73 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹127,383 (US$1,600). Odisha ranks 32nd among Indian states in Human Development Index.