Jharkhand
Jharkhand (/ˈdʒɑːrkənd/; Hindi: [d͡ʒʱɑːɾkʰəɳɖ]; lit. 'the land of forests') is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath, Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites.
Jharkhand | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Dassam Falls, Birla Institute of Technology, Panchet Dam at Damodar river, Samet Shikharji Jain Mahatirth, Baidyanath Temple, Patratu Highway and Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| Etymology: "Forest Land" | |
| Nickname: "Land of Forests" | |
| Motto(s): Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
Location of Jharkhand in India | |
| Coordinates: 23.35°N 85.33°E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | East India |
| Before was | Part of Bihar |
| Formation | 15 November 2000 |
| Capital | Ranchi |
| Largest city | Jamshedpur |
| Districts | 24 (5 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Jharkhand |
| • Governor | C. P. Radhakrishnan |
| • Chief minister | Champai Soren (JMM) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Jharkhand Legislative Assembly (81 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 6 seats |
| • Lok Sabha | 14 seats |
| High Court | Jharkhand High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 79,716 km2 (30,779 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 15th |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 380 km (240 mi) |
| • Width | 463 km (288 mi) |
| Elevation | 277 m (909 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,382 m (4,534 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 32,988,134 |
| • Rank | 14th |
| • Density | 414/km2 (1,070/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 24.05% |
| • Rural | 75.95% |
| Demonyms | Jharkhandi |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Additional official | |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2023–24) | ₹4.23 lakh crore (US$53 billion) |
| • Rank | 19th |
| • Per capita | ₹107,436 (US$1,300) (30th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-JH |
| Vehicle registration | JH |
| HDI (2022) | 0.592 Medium (32nd) |
| Literacy (2011) | 66.41% (32nd) |
| Sex ratio (2021) | 948♀/1000 ♂ (26th) |
| Website | jharkhand |
| Symbols of Jharkhand | |
| Bird | Koel |
| Flower | Palash |
| Mammal | Indian elephant |
| Tree | Sal |
| State highway mark | |
| State highway of Jharkhand JH SH1 - JH SH | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of the whole mineral resources of India, but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished. Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities. It is amongst the leading states in terms of economic growth. In 2017–18, the GDP growth rate of state was at 10.22%.