Operation Substance

Operation Substance
	Part of the Battle of the Mediterranean of the Second World War
	; Cloud of smoke over the Mediterranean Sea from a hit destroyer - possibly HMS Fearless. In the foreground is the battleship HMS Nelson.
Date	13–28 July 1941
Location	Mediterranean Sea
Result	British victory
Belligerents
United Kingdom; Australia	Italy
Commanders and leaders
	James Somerville
Strength
1 aircraft carrier; 1 battleship; 1 battlecruiser; 4 light cruisers; 18 destroyers; 13 merchant ships	3 torpedo boats; 1 submarine; 4 MAS boats; 9 torpedo bombers; 4 medium bombers
Casualties and losses
1 destroyer sunk; 1 light cruiser damaged; 1 destroyer damaged; 2 merchant ships damaged; 6 aircraft; 35 killed	12 aircraft

Operation Substance was a British naval operation in July 1941 during the Second World War to escort Convoy GM 1, the first of the series from Gibraltar to Malta. The convoy, escorted by Force H, was attacked by Italian submarines, aircraft and MAS boats (Motoscafo armato silurante, motor torpedo boats).

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