Nitromethane
Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH
3NO
2. It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings. Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Nitromethane | |||
| Preferred IUPAC name
Nitromethane | |||
| Other names
Nitrocarbol | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.797 | ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |||
| CH3NO2 | |||
| Molar mass | 61.04 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colorless, oily liquid | ||
| Odor | Light, fruity | ||
| Density | 1.1371 g/cm3 (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −28.7 °C (−19.7 °F; 244.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 101.2 °C (214.2 °F; 374.3 K) | ||
| Critical point (T, P) | 588 K, 6.0 MPa | ||
| ca. 10 g/100 mL | |||
| Solubility | miscible in diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol | ||
| Vapor pressure | 28 mmHg (20 °C) | ||
| Acidity (pKa) |
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| -21.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.204 W/(m·K) at 25 °C | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.3817 (20 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.63 cP at 25 °C | ||
| 3.46 | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
106.6 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
171.8 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-112.6 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
-14.4 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Flammable, health hazard | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Danger | |||
| H203, H226, H301, H331, H351 | |||
| P210, P261, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 35 °C (95 °F; 308 K) | ||
| 418 °C (784 °F; 691 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 7–22% | ||
Threshold limit value (TLV) |
20 ppm | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
940 mg/kg (oral, rat) 950 mg/kg (oral, mouse) | ||
LDLo (lowest published) |
750 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 125 mg/kg (dog, oral) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
7087 ppm (mouse, 2 h) 1000 ppm (monkey) 2500 ppm (rabbit, 12 h) 5000 ppm (rabbit, 6 h) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
none | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
750 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related nitro compounds |
nitroethane | ||
Related compounds |
methyl nitrite methyl nitrate | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Nitromethane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
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