Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
	; Naxalite active zones in 2018, better known as the Red Corridor.
Date	18 May 1967–present; (56 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Location	India (Red corridor)
Status	Ongoing Indian army successfully manages to reduce insurgent activity;
Belligerents
India CRPF; Indian Armed Forces; State Armed Police Forces; Militias: (until 2011) Tritiya Prastuti Committee; Salwa Judum; Sunlight Sena; Kuer Sena; Ranvir Sena; Bhumi Sena; Lorik Sena;	Naxalites: CPI (Maoist) PLGA; ; Jharkhand Janmukti Parishad; People's Liberation Front of India; Revolutionary Communist Centre; CPIML Liberation (1974–1992) Lal Sena; ; CPIML Janashakti (1992–2013, merged into CPI(ML) Class Struggle); CPUSI; CPIML ND; CPIML MM; PLA-MP; ABNES (until 2002); MCPM; KCP; TNLA; Supported by: ULFA ; NSCN ; Declared support: ; CPN (Maoist) ; CPN (Maoist) (2014) ; NPA ; PBSP ; PBCP ; CIC (until 1977) ; CCP (Maoist) (until 1976) ;
Commanders and leaders
Droupadi Murmu ; (President); Narendra Modi ; (Prime Minister); Amit Shah; (Minister of Home Affairs); Rajeev Rai Bhatnagar ; (Director General); Pranay Sahay ; (Former Director General) Mahendra Karma †; (Leader of Salwa Judum); Brahmeshwar Singh †; (Leader of Ranvir Sena)	Ganapathy; Azad †; Anand †; Kosa † ; Kishenji †; Charu Majumdar (POW); Kanu Sanyal (POW); Jangal Santhal (POW); Sabyasachi Panda (POW); Prashant Bose (POW); Ashutosh Tudu (POW); Yalavarthi Naveen Babu †; Narmada Akka †; Arun Kumar Bhattacharjee (POW); Deo Kumar Singh †; Milind Teltumbde †; Jagdish Mahto †; Ravindra Singh Kushwaha; Subrata Dutta †; Mahendar Singh †; Anil Baruah †
Strength
CRPF: 3,13,634	10,000–20,000 members (2009–2010 estimate); 10,000–40,000 regular members and 50,000–100,000 militia members (2010 estimate); 6,500–9,500 insurgents (2013 estimate)
Casualties and losses
1997–2016: 2,277–3,440 killed	1997–2016: 3,402–4,041 killed
	Since 1997: 6,035–8,051 civilians killed; 1996–2018: 12,877–14,369 killed overall

The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals (a group of communists supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology) and the Indian government. The influence zone of the Naxalites is called the red corridor, which has been steadily declining in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to the 25 "most affected" locations, accounting for 85% of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) violence, and 70 "total affected" districts (down from 180 in 2009) across 10 states in two coal-rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around the Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and the tri-junction area of Jharkhand-Bihar and-West Bengal. The Naxalites have frequently targeted police and government workers in what they say is a fight for improved land rights and more jobs for neglected agricultural labourers and the poor.

The armed wing of the Naxalite–Maoists is called the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) and is estimated to have between 6,500 and 9,500 cadres in 2013, mostly equipped with small arms. The Naxalites claim that they are following a strategy of rural rebellion similar to a protracted people's war against the government. The insurgency started after the 1967 Naxalbari uprising led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal Santhal. Their origin can be traced to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) split in 1967, leading to the creation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). After in-party fighting and counter-measures taken by the government, the CPI(ML) split into many smaller factions carrying out attacks mostly in the Red corridor areas.

Naxalism is largely active in tribal and rural areas of India that are increasingly being targeted by corporate interests due to the land's rich coal, bauxite, and iron deposits.

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