Malay language

Malay
Malay
Malay/Indonesian
Bahasa Melayu; بهاس ملايو
Pronunciation	[baˈha.sa məˈla.ju]
Native to	Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Ethnicity	Malays; (see also Malayophones)
Speakers	L1 – 77 million (2007); Total (L1 and L2): 200–290 million (2009)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayic Malay; ; ;
Early forms	Old Malay Classical Malay Pre-Modern Malay ; ;
Standard forms	Indonesian (as Bahasa Indonesia); Malaysian Malay (as Bahasa Melayu or Bahasa Malaysia);
Writing system	Latin (Malay alphabet); Arabic (Jawi script); Arabic (Pegon script) (In Indonesia); Thai alphabet (in Thailand); Malay Braille; Historically Pallava script, Kawi script, Ulu scripts, Rejang script;
Signed forms	Manually Coded Malay
Official status
Official language in	Brunei; Indonesia (as Indonesian); Malaysia; Singapore; UNESCO (as Indonesian)
Recognised minority; language in	Indonesia; (beside the national standard of Indonesian, Local Malay enjoys the status of a regional language in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Borneo)); East Timor (beside Dili Malay, Indonesian used as a working language and a trade language with Indonesia); Thailand (as Pattani Malay, Syburi Malay, and Bangkok Malay);
Regulated by	Language Development and Fostering Agency in Indonesia; Institute of Language and Literature in Malaysia; Language and Literature Bureau in Brunei; Malay Language Council in Singapore; Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia Language Council – MABBIM (a trilateral joint venture);
Language codes
ISO 639-1	ms
ISO 639-2	may (B) ; msa (T)
ISO 639-3	msa – inclusive code; Individual codes:; zlm – Malay (individual language); ind – Indonesian; zsm – Standard Malay; abs – Ambon Malay; mbf – Baba Malay; pea – Baba Indonesian; mhp – Balinese Malay; bjn – Banjarese; mfb – Bangka; btj – Bacan; bew – Betawi; bve – Berau; kxd – Brunei Malay; ccm – Chetty Malay; coa – Cocos Malay; liw – Col; goq – Gorap; hji – Haji; jax – Jambi Malay; vkk – Kaur; meo – Kedah Malay; mfa – Kelantan-Pattani Malay; kvr – Kerinci; mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai; mkn – Kupang Malay; mfp – Makassar Malay; xmm – Manado Malay; min – Minangkabau; mui – Musi; zmi – Negeri Sembilan
Glottolog	nucl1806
Linguasphere	31-MFA-a
	Areas where Malay-Indonesian is spoken: Indonesia Malaysia Singapore and Brunei, where Standard Malay is an official language East Timor, where Indonesian is a working language Southern Thailand and the Cocos Isl., where other varieties of Malay are spoken

Malay (/məˈleɪ/ mə-LAY; Malay: Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (including 260 million as "Indonesian") across Maritime Southeast Asia.

The language is pluricentric, i.e., several varieties of it are standardized as the national language (bahasa kebangsaan or bahasa nasional) of several nation states with various official names: in Malaysia, it is designated as either Bahasa Malaysia ("Malaysian") or also Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"); in Singapore and Brunei, it is called Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language"); in Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called Bahasa Indonesia ("Indonesian language") is designated the bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("unifying language" or lingua franca) whereas the term "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) is domestically restricted to vernacular varieties of Malay indigenous to areas of Central to Southern Sumatra and West Kalimantan.

Classical Malay, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial Malacca and Johor Sultanates and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other Malayic languages. According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang Asli varieties of Peninsular Malay, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects. There are also several Malay trade and creole languages based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay as well as Makassar Malay, which appears to be a mixed language.

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