MPP+

MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.

Not to be confused with MPTP or MPPP.
MPP+
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium
Other names
Cyperquat; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 248-939-7
MeSH 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C12H12N/c1-13-9-7-12(8-10-13)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-10H,1H3/q+1 Y
    Key: FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • C[n+]1ccc(cc1)c2ccccc2
Properties
C12H12N+
Molar mass 170.25 g/mol
Appearance White to beige powder
10 mg/mL
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.

The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the trade name cyperquat. Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.

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