Lisinopril
Lisinopril is a medication belonging to the drug class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and heart attacks. For high blood pressure it is usually a first-line treatment. It is also used to prevent kidney problems in people with diabetes mellitus. Lisinopril is taken by mouth. Full effect may take up to four weeks to occur.
Chemical structure of lisinopril | |
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| Pronunciation | /laɪˈsɪnəprɪl/, ly-SIN-ə-pril |
| Trade names | Prinivil, Zestril, Qbrelis, Dapril, others |
| Other names | (2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]amino}hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a692051 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Bioavailability | approx. 25%, but wide range between individuals (6 to 60%) |
| Protein binding | 0 |
| Metabolism | None |
| Elimination half-life | 12 hours |
| Excretion | Eliminated unchanged in urine |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.071.332 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H31N3O5 |
| Molar mass | 405.495 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include headache, dizziness, feeling tired, cough, nausea, and rash. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, liver problems, high blood potassium, and angioedema. Use is not recommended during the entire duration of pregnancy as it may harm the baby. Lisinopril works by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
Lisinopril was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1987. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the fourth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 88 million prescriptions. In July 2016, an oral solution formulation of lisinopril was approved for use in the United States.