Lindane

Lindane
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682651
Pregnancy; category	C;
Routes of; administration	Topical
ATC code	P03AB02 (WHO) QS02QA01 (WHO) QP53AB52 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	US: WARNING; Production and agricultural use is banned in the 182 countries that are Parties to the Stockholm Convention, but pharmaceutical use is allowed as a second-line treatment for scabies and lice;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	91%
Metabolism	Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system
Elimination half-life	18 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (1r,2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane;
CAS Number	58-89-9 ;
PubChem CID	727;
DrugBank	DB00431 ;
ChemSpider	10481896 ;
UNII	59NEE7PCAB;
KEGG	C07075 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32888 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL15891 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2020686 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.365
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H6Cl6
Molar mass	290.81 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3-,4+,5+,6+ ; Key:JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N ;
	(verify)

Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine chemical and an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.

Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA_A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. In humans, lindane affects the nervous system, liver, and kidneys, and may well be a carcinogen. Whether lindane is an endocrine disruptor is unclear.

The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. A specific exemption to that ban allows it to continue to be used as a second-line pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.

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