γ-Aminobutyric acid

γ-Aminobutyric acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid) /ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɪk ˈæsɪd/, or GABA /ˈɡæbə/, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

"GABA" redirects here. For other uses, see Gaba (disambiguation).
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4-Aminobutanoic acid
Other names
γ-Aminobutanoic acid
4-Aminobutyric acid
3-Carboxypropylamine
Piperidic acid
Piperidinic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
906818
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.235
EC Number
  • 200-258-6
49775
KEGG
MeSH gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
RTECS number
  • ES6300000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7) Y
    Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
    Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYAC
  • NCCCC(=O)O
Properties
C4H9NO2
Molar mass 103.121 g·mol−1
Appearance white microcrystalline powder
Density 1.11 g/mL
Melting point 203.7 °C (398.7 °F; 476.8 K)
Boiling point 247.9 °C (478.2 °F; 521.0 K)
130 g/100 ml
log P −3.17
Acidity (pKa)
  • 4.031 (carboxyl; H2O)
  • 10.556 (amino; H2O)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant, Harmful
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
12,680 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.

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