Languages of Ireland

There are a number of languages used in Ireland. Since the late 18th century, English has been the predominant first language, displacing Irish. A large minority claims some ability to use Irish, and it is the first language for a small percentage of the population.

Languages of Ireland
MainEnglish (98%)
Irish (RoI: 39.8% claim some ability to speak Irish)
Ulster Scots (0.3%)
Shelta
ImmigrantPolish, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, Lithuanian
ForeignFrench (20%), German (7%), Spanish (3.7%)
SignedIrish Sign Language
Northern Ireland Sign Language
Keyboard layout
Irish or British QWERTY
Sourceebs_243_en.pdf (europa.eu)

In the Republic of Ireland, under the Constitution of Ireland, both languages have official status, with Irish being the national and first official language.

In Northern Ireland, English is the primary language for 95% of the population, and de facto official language, while Irish is recognised as an official language and Ulster Scots is recognised as a minority language under the Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022.

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