Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation; also, nāvik 'sailor' or 'navigator' in Indian languages), is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services. It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km (930 mi) around it, with plans for further extension. An extended service area lies between the primary service area and a rectangle area enclosed by the 30th parallel south to the 50th parallel north and the 30th meridian east to the 130th meridian east, 1,500–6,000 km (930–3,730 mi) beyond borders where some of the NavIC satellites are visible but the position is not always computable with assured accuracy. The system currently consists of a constellation of eight satellites, with two additional satellites on ground as stand-by.

Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)

Country/ies of origin India
Operator(s)ISRO
TypeMilitary, Commercial
StatusOperational
CoverageRegional (up to 1,500 km or 930 mi from borders)
Accuracy3 m or 9.8 ft (public)
2 m or 6 ft 7 in (encrypted)
Constellation size
Nominal satellites5
Current usable satellites
List
  • IRNSS-

    1B/1C/1D/1F/1I (Operational)

    1A/1E/1G (Clock failure, short-message services only)

  • NVS-

    01 (Operational)

First launch1 July 2013 (1 July 2013)
Last launch29 May 2023
Total launches10
Orbital characteristics
Regime(s)geostationary orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO)
Orbital height35,786 km (22,236 mi)
Other details
Cost₹2,246 crore (US$281 million) as of March 2017
Geodesy
Fundamentals
Concepts
Technologies
Standards (history)
NGVD 29 Sea Level Datum 1929
OSGB36 Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936
SK-42 Systema Koordinat 1942 goda
ED50 European Datum 1950
SAD69 South American Datum 1969
GRS 80 Geodetic Reference System 1980
ISO 6709 Geographic point coord. 1983
NAD 83 North American Datum 1983
WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984
NAVD 88 N. American Vertical Datum 1988
ETRS89 European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989
GCJ-02 Chinese obfuscated datum 2002
Geo URI Internet link to a point 2010

The constellation is in orbit as of 2018. NavIC will provide two levels of service, the "standard positioning service", which will be open for civilian use, and a "restricted service" (an encrypted one) for authorised users (including the military).

NavIC-based trackers are compulsory on commercial vehicles in India and some consumer mobile phones with support for it have been available since the first half of 2020.

There are plans to expand the NavIC system by increasing its constellation size from 7 to 11.

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