Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephonic or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.

Global Positioning System (GPS)
Logo
Country/ies of originUnited States
Operator(s)US Space Force
TypeMilitary, civilian
StatusOperational
CoverageGlobal
Accuracy30โ€“500 cm (0.98โ€“16 ft)
Constellation size
Nominal satellites24
Current usable satellites38 (32 operational)
First launchFebruary 22, 1978 (1978-02-22)
Total launches75
Orbital characteristics
Regime(s)6 MEO planes
Orbital height20,180 km (12,540 mi)
Orbital period1โ„2 sd or 11 hours and 58 minutes
Revisit period1 sidereal day
Other details
Cost$12 billion
(initial constellation)
$1.84 billion per year (2023)
(operating cost)
Websitegps.gov
Artist's impression of GPS Block IIR satellite in Earth orbit
Civilian GPS receivers ("GPS navigation device") in a marine application
An Air Force Space Command Senior Airman runs through a checklist during Global Positioning System satellite operations.
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