Hyphomicrobiales
The Hyphomicrobiales (synonom Rhizobiales) are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria.
| Hyphomicrobiales | |
|---|---|
| Agrobacterium (SEM image) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales Douglas 1957 (Approved Lists 1980) |
| Families | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families Nitrobacteraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Rhizobiaceae contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium. Species of the Methylocystaceae are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens Bartonella and Brucella, as well as Agrobacterium (useful in genetic engineering).
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